Moreover, analyses using multiple bioinformatics tools showed increased immune infiltration, including CD4+ T cells, in older patients compared to younger patients. In addition, older patients had significantly higher expression of immune checkpoint proteins including inhibitory T cell receptors and their ligands. A 22-gene signature composed of DEGs associated with age and immune cell composition that predicted OS were constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO).In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset, we found that younger patients (≤70) had a significant better OS compared to older patients (>70). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the RNA-Seq data that were associated with age and immune cell composition were identified using the R package DEGseq. The fraction of stromal and immune cells in tumor samples were also using assessed using multiple tools including ESTIMATE, EPIC, and TIMER. The immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated using CIBERSORT. The understanding of the factors causing decreased overall survival (OS) in older patients compared to younger patients in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains.Gene expression profiles of LUAD were obtained from publicly available databases by Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine whether age was associated with patient OS. Cancer medicine Zhou, A., Zhang, D., Kang, X., Brooks, J. Identification of age- and immune-related gene signatures for clinical outcome prediction in lung adenocarcinoma.These approaches are poised to further elucidate how mucin biology can be understood and subsequently targeted for the next generation of cancer therapeutics. We also describe a collection of emerging tools that are specifically equipped to characterize mucin-domain glycoproteins in complex biological backgrounds. Here we review the multifaceted roles of mucins in cancer through the lens of the analytical and biochemical methods used to study them. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins are known hallmarks in numerous malignancies, yet mucin-domain glycoproteins remain enigmatic in the broad landscape of cancer glycobiology. Mucin-domain glycoproteins are highly O-glycosylated cell surface and secreted proteins that serve as both biochemical and biophysical modulators. We also participate in several large clinical trials for development, validation and implementation of clinical biomarkers in prostate cancer. In collaboration with bioengineers and radiologists, we have active research in molecular imaging, and protein and nucleotide detection on biological samples. In the past several years our work has expanded into benign urologic diseases including benign prostatic hyperplasia, obstructive nephropathy, and androgen insensitivity syndrome. We are also working to characterize the functional roles of several of the candidate biomarkers in cancer. While our primary focus has been in prostate cancer, we have also worked in kidney cancer and other malignancies. We have primarily used genomic and proteomic approaches for biomarker discovery. Our work spans discovery, measurement methodologies, and clinical validation of candidate biomarkers. Our interest is in developing diagnostic and prognostic markers for urological diseases. Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education.Office of Vice President for Business Affairs and Chief Financial Officer.Office of VP for University Human Resources.Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment.Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR). Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI).Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME).Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.Her clinical practice is focused on oncologic and complex reconstruction with an emphasis on breast reconstruction, sarcoma reconstruction and microsurgery. She is recognized for her contributions in patient care, education, and research. Zhang began her practice in plastic and reconstructive surgery at The Ottawa Hospital in 2014. Her fellowship training included a hand and upper extremity surgery at the University of Toronto (2013) and microsurgical breast reconstruction at the University of Manitoba (2014).ĭr. She obtained a Ph.D in Oncology at the University of Alberta (2005) and in 2013 she pursued her residency training in plastic and reconstructive surgery at the University of Toronto. Zhang received her medical degree from Chongqing Medical School in China (1998). Jing Zhang is a plastic surgeon with a special interest in breast surgery, hand surgery and reconstructive microsurgery.ĭr.
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